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PGD/PCR
- HLA typing - IVF Thailand |
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Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
typing is used to match patients and donors for bone marrow or
cord blood transplants (also called BMT). HLA are proteins — or
markers — found on most cells in your body. Your immune system
uses these markers to recognize which cells belong in your body
and which do not.
A close match between your HLA markers and your donor's can
reduce the risk that your immune cells will attack your donor's
cells or that your donor's immune cells will attack your body
after the transplant. If you need an allogeneic transplant
(which uses cells from a family member, unrelated donor or cord
blood unit), your doctor will take a blood sample to test for
your HLA type.
HLA matching basics
A well-matched donor is important to the success of your
transplant. You inherit half of your HLA markers from your
mother and half from your father, so each brother and sister who
has the same parents as you has a 25% chance of matching you. It
is unlikely that extended family members will match you.
However, your parents and/or children may also be tested to
confirm your HLA typing and to make sure no possible donors are
overlooked. About 70% of patients who need a transplant do not
have a suitable donor in their family.
A close HLA match improves the chances for a successful
transplant. Close matching:
Promotes engraftment- Engraftment is when the donated cells
start to grow and make new blood cells.
Reduces the risk of a post-transplant complication called
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). - GVHD occurs when the immune
cells from the donated marrow or cord blood (the graft) attack
your body (the host).
PGD/PCR - HLA typing
It is now possible to undergo PGD for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
matching to you for the purpose of having a HLA-matched
hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) donor for your Thalassemia
affected child.. The PGD procedure allows genetic testing to be
performed on early embryos before implantation and pregnancy
development for the purpose of selecting only those embryos that are
HLA matched to your affected child.
When a couple has a child with a single gene disorder like
Thalassemia that requires an HPC transplant, the optimal source of
cells needed for transplant is an HLA-matched sibling. Donors cells
need to be HLA-matched to an affected child avoid any chance for the
transplanted cells to react against the child’s body. If you
undertake a natural pregnancy in the hope of having a child who is
an HLA match to your affected child, there is 1 in 5 chance of
conceiving a child who is an HLA match to the affected biological
child.
Following IVF, Preimplantation genetic diagnosis can be used for
selecting and transferring only the embryos that are HLA matched to
your affected child. Each embryo has a 1 in 5 chance of matching the
affected biological child. With PGD, the goal is to select those
embryos that are a match and transfer them. In this process, we can
significantly increase the chance to have a child that is
HLA-matched to your affected child.
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