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Preimplantation
Genetic Diagnosis ( PGD ) - IVF Thailand |
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A very new and high technology for detection of
abnormal embryo is now available at our center ,
called Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis ( PGD ).
Following ovarian stimulation , egg collection and
fertilization, embryos are cultured for another 2
days which they usually consist of 6-8 cells. Each
of these cells has complete genetic information and
also each cell has the potential to continue growth
to establish pregnancy. Therefore, one or two cells
can be removed from an 8-cells embryo by using an
embryo biopsy procedure and the embryo will continue
to develop normally. The removed cells will then be
analyzed by using a technique called Fluorescent in
situ Hybridization ( FISH ) or Polymerase Chain
Reachion ( PCR ). The FISH technique can tell us
whether an embryo cell has two X chromosomes (
female ) or one X and one Y chromosome ( male ) and
FISH can also be used to detect specific chromosome
problems such as Down syndrome. FISH analysis can
give us the results within one day and the resulting
normal embryos will be transferred back into the
uterus.
This technique is now suitable for specific couples
such as advanced maternal age who have a very high
risk to have a child with Down syndrome , carriers
of genetic disease , recurrent abortion and couples
who carry X-linked diseases. Haemophilia and
Muscular dystrophy are examples of X-linked
diseases.
In the future it is likely that genetic testing of
embryos will be used more routinely to improve IVF
success rates as well as to prevent transmission of
genetic disease. With the transfer of genetically
normal embryos, a higher percentage of implantation
and reduced miscarriage rates can be expected.
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